Food printing can alter the nutritional content of food based on the need of consumers. However, an essential condition for the rapid development of 4D food printing technology is that it has a wide variety of printing materials and good printing characteristics. But there are still relatively few foodstuff systems that can be used for 4D food printing, due to the fact that natural foodstuff systems generally cannot be printed directly. The research scale of 4D food printing in recent years is rapidly expanding and natural food gels suitable for printing are gradually being developed. In order to preserve the nutritional content and usable qualities of food components, they can be used in dried and powdered form. The efficacy of their printing depends significantly on the moisture content of the food ingredient employed as food ink. Food materials used in food ink production include soybean, chocolate, starch fruit and vegetables, meat, food hydrocolloids, etc. In the recent past, a large number of food materials have been developed by using printing technology. The stimulus-induced changes in the 4D printed food samples can be achieved by using the printing ink in different combinations of food materials based on the structure and specific food formula. Food produced using four-dimensional printing will be more individualized and have distinctive flavours developed specifically for it. The idea of four-dimensional printing is primarily reliant on five elements: three-dimensional printers or other related machinery, stimulus-responsive materials, stimuli, interaction mechanisms and mathematical modelling. FDM is classified into Cartesian, Delta, Polar and Scara displacement platform configurations, with the Cartesian configuration being the most widely used. FDM is currently the most widely used technology for 4D food printing, owing to its high universality, low cost and ease of operation. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), stereolithography, direct ink writing, inkjet, digital light processing and select laser melting are the most common printer types used in 3D food printing. This concept is well suited to deformed food prepared using 4D printing, which reduces transportation and storage costs. Swedish furniture company pioneered the concept of “flat packaging”, which allows people to assemble 2D furniture into 3D furniture in their own homes. The concept of “flat packaging” is very compatible with 4D food printing. The combination of 4D printing and drying results in crisp-textured products.Īs printing technology advances and becomes more popular, it can be integrated into the manufacturing process to achieve automatic production. The curvature of potato chips, for example, contributes to their crispier mouth feel. 4D printing is useful for controlling structure changes during drying, which is used to produce some healthy snacks. In contrast, these sensory or nutritional properties of 3D printed products decrease during storage.ĭrying 3D printed food is not recommended, because drying causes unwanted and irregular deformation, reducing the usefulness of 3D printing. Another advantage of 4D printing over 3D printing is that the flavour, nutrition or colour of the printed product can be released when the user eats it rather than during storage. 4D printing can achieve self-assembly, self-repair and multi-functional purposes, which provides time-dependent, predictable, reprogrammable properties.ĤD printed food provides new ideas for the design of interactive food and enhances the interaction between diners and food materials. Smart design and smart materials, which allow 4D printed things to change shape or function, are the main differences between 4D and 3D printing. A development of 3D printing called 4D food printing enables the personalization of fresh food items. Fabricating 4D structures for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems provides a promising prospective technology for future generations and hence this review will focus on biomedical applications. First introduced in 2013, it has since received great interest within material science showing potential for application within the fields of soft robotics, defence and manufacturing, among others.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |